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Topic

Layer-1 blockchains

Base-layer blockchain networks that run their own consensus and settle transactions independently, each funding its own validators and security.

Current stories

investOne report1 publisher

Aptos turns on Block-STM v2 by default, aimed at 256 cores where v1 was benchmarked on 32 threads

Aptos has made Block-STM v2 the default parallel execution engine on its Layer-1, with no change required from users or developers. The only throughput figures on record come from 2022 tests of version 1, so v2's gains stay a target until someone measures them on live traffic.

Reality

Evidence35
Adoption
Not scored
Hype gap+15
Incentives
Not scored
Confidence55
investConfirmed6 publishers

Circle raised $222 million in Arc token presale ahead of mainnet launch

Arc's mainnet went live Wednesday with BlackRock, DTCC, Visa and Mastercard among its founding validators, and the 10 billion ARC tokens Circle minted this week sit behind a presale that valued the network at $3 billion.

Perspective Coverage

6 publishers
Builder
Builder 38%
Operator
Operator 34%
Investor
Investor 28%

Reality

Evidence58
Adoption30
Hype gap+30
Incentives78
Confidence64
investConfirmed3 publishers

Circle prices Arc at $3 billion by selling 7.4% of its token supply for $222 million

Arc's mainnet went live on September 16 with USDC as its gas token and BlackRock, Visa and Mastercard among the validators, and Circle's product chief says the growth has to come from AI agents; shifting Ethereum's existing users across would not grow the market.

Perspective Coverage

3 publishers
Builder
Builder 30%
Operator
Operator 30%
Investor
Investor 40%

Reality

Evidence60
Adoption30
Hype gap+40
Incentives70
Confidence58
investOne report1 publisher

Aptos puts $50m behind a payment rail that collects under $50,000 per 100 million transactions

The x402 protocol has processed more than 100 million payments since May 2025, over 99% of them in USDC, and Aptos has now pointed it at io.net GPU rentals with $50 million of foundation money behind the agent stack.

Reality

Evidence32
Adoption38
Hype gap+35
Incentives78
Confidence42
investOne report1 publisher

ZetaChain puts its own Layer-1's shutdown to a three-day token vote

A proposal opened on September 17 and closing September 20 would convert ZETA one-for-one into a Solana SPL token, leaving the 2.1 billion cap and the vesting schedules untouched, 79 days after the chain's interoperability features were switched off.

Reality

Evidence32
Adoption24
Hype gap+25
Incentives68
Confidence38
buildOne report1 publisher

A wallet that trusts Arc's declared 18 decimals renders one dollar as 0.000000000001

Four days after Circle opened Arc's public mainnet, a developer queried the chain's own RPC and found the node scaling native USDC a trillion times larger than the ERC-20 contract that reports the same balance.

Publishers:dev.to

Reality

Evidence72
Adoption30
Hype gap−12
Incentives32
Confidence66
investOne report1 publisher

One memecoin launchpad traded half of Circle's new Arc chain on day one

Arc's mainnet opened with $410.8 million of DEX volume, and $336.3 million of it came off nineteen memecoin launchpads, leaving $74.6 million to test what Circle actually built the chain to settle.

Reality

Evidence38
Adoption45
Hype gap+22
Incentives62
Confidence48
investConfirmed3 publishers

Harmony offers validators nine times its DeFi TVL to switch off its own chain

Harmony blames state actors and AI agents for shutting the layer-1 it launched in 2019, and the money set aside to pay validators to power down is worth more than everything left locked on the chain it closes.

Perspective Coverage

3 publishers
Builder
Builder 30%
Operator
Operator 38%
Investor
Investor 32%

Reality

Evidence55
Adoption20
Hype gap+45
Incentives75
Confidence60